No vaccination is required for European travelers although malaria vaccination is recommended when traveling to Mpumalanga, Limpopo and northern KwaZulu-Natal. If you fly to South Africa from a sub-Saharan African country such as Zambia or Tanzania you will have to undergo yellow fever vaccination. It is not advisable to use perfume and aftershave balm when traveling in malaric areas. Instaed it is recommended to use a repellent, long sleeved shirt, long trousers and drink gin with tonic (no joke). In some remote areas in north and east of the country a dangerous species of parasite Bilharsiella resides in rivers, lakes and dams and may cause health problems. The only way to protect yourself from it is to avoid these areas. However water in most cities is clean and safe to drink. We recommend you to drink bottled water which is available in all hotels, loggias, etc.